High performance computing trivia challenge

Happy National Trivia Day to you! To commemorate the occasion, Advanced Clustering has created a five-question High Performance Computing Trivia Challenge. Ready, set, go:

1. What was the name of the first supercomputer?
Answer: The CDC 6600 (built by Control Data Corporation in 1964)

2. Before that, what was the name of the first programmable, digital, electronic computer?
Answer: Colossus (1943)

3. The potential speedup of an algorithm on a parallel computing platform is determined by which law?
Answer: Amdahl's law

4. What NSF-funded virtual organization integrates and coordinates the sharing of advanced digital services (including supercomputers and high-end visualization and data analysis resources) - with researchers nationally to support science?
Answer: XSEDE – the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment

5. Name the system that was the first to break through the 1 teraflop barrier on the MP-Linpack benchmark in 1996.
Answer: ASCI Red (which eventually reached 2 teraflops)